기원전 “긴 6세기” 우룩 에안나(Eanna)신전 문서로 본 농업 관련 직업적 실수와 범죄 그리고 처벌

Abstract

This paper aims to examine professional faults and crimes in agricultural sector and their punishments based on documents from the Eanna Temple archive in Uruk from the long 6th century BCE. Eanna Temple punished transgressors according to the categories of faults and crimes in the agricultural sector. Their punishments were not differentiated according to different criminal social statutes; generally the same transgressions were punished in the same way. Commonly, professional faults were not punished severely, and the temple asked the perpetrator to simply pay compensation. However, a crime that was committed with bad intentions was punished more severely. We found that there were some exceptional cases. These faults and crimes were not punished according to general rules. These cases show that if the temple needed to apply an exceptional rule that did not previously existed, the temple authority had to or preferred to create a document in order to determine the punishment in these specific cases before the punishment’s application.