Abstract
Purpose. To summarize the data on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) currently known. Material and methods. For this review, a search was conducted on PubMed and eLIBRARY resources, covering scientific publications by domestic and foreign authors from 1980 to 2021. The primary focus of the search was on the topic of MacTel 2. Results. Based on the current understanding of the disease process, it is recognized that dysfunction or loss of Muller cells represents an early stage that contributes to the development of MacTel 2. The review addresses the issues of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, classification, clinical presentation, and treatment of MacTel 2. Detailed discussion is provided on the changes detected by optical coherence tomography in patients with MacTel 2, which can be valuable for the differential diagnosis of this condition and selection of appropriate patient management strategies. Conclusion. The emergence of new technologies enables the identification of specific changes occurring in the retina in MacTel 2, which require detailed analysis and can be used for differential diagnosis and disease prognosis. Key words: macular telangiectasia type 2, retinal degenerative disease, Muller cells, optical coherence tomography, differential diagnosis
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