‘壬癸凶荒’期(1832∼1833) 충청도 지역의 진휼 시행과 定山縣의 設賑실태

Abstract

In this article, focusing on famine relief policy in Chungcheong provincial region during 1832∼1833, actual conditions and characteristics of famine relief are examined, on its way to the mid-19th century. In 1832, as the famine caused by the flood was expected, the dynastic government prosecuted the wide range of famine relief services.<BR> First, each organization focused on securing grains necessary for devasted areas. The central government supported resources needed for the relief by transporting grains and issuing Gongmyeongcheop(空名帖; Blank Certificate for Appointment). The relief resources were distributed to each Counties and Prefectures, under the lead of Chungcheong Gamsa, the Governor and the supervisor of the provincial region. At the same time, Suryeong, the Magistrates, tried to arrange grains in his own precinct.<BR> Each Counties and Prefectures started to provide relief. Prefecture of Jeongsan was the one among the severest. From the 11th to the 12th months of the lunar calendar, the Magistrate of Jeongsan procured resources to relieve the starved residents and sorted the relief recipients. To recipients, the relief grains were dispensed 13 times from the late 12th month of 1832 to the 4th month of the following year.<BR> After the relief, the reports and the evaluations were followed. Since the roles of the Magistrates and the rich people were the core of the famine relief, assessments were made, and rewards were granted for them. The famine relief of 1832∼1833 was completed with this process.<BR> Jinhyul of Chungcheong province during 1832∼1833 showed a different aspect compared with previous ones. In previous famine relieves, Gonggok (公穀; Public grain), or grains of central government was the main source, while in this period, grains of local government played the key role. It was a state-wide phenomenon, and so was after late 1830s or 1840s. It cannot be denied that this form of famine relief involved several problems, nevertheless, it must not be ignored that numerous farmers could make their living by what were implemented in the local precincts.