Малоцикловая усталость 10 % Cr стали с высоким содержанием бора при комнатной температуре

Abstract

High-chromium martensitic steels are a promising material for the production of elements of boilers and steam pipelines, as well as blades and rotors of steam turbines for new coal-burning thermal generating units. The use of such materials will give an opportunity for the transition to ultra-supercritical steam parameters (temperature of 600–620 °C and pressure of 25–30 MPa), which will allow increasing the efficiency of generating units to 45 %. Modifications of the chemical composition of high-chromium steels have led to significant improvements of high-temperature properties such as 100,000 h creep strength and 1 % creep limit, while resistance to softening due to low-cycle fatigue remains understudied in this field. This work covers the study of low-cycle fatigue at room temperature with different amplitudes of deformation of martensitic high-chromium 10%Cr–3%Co–2%W–0.5%Mo–0.2%Cu–0.2%Re–0.003%N–0.01%B steel. The steel was pre-subjected to normalizing at 1050 °С followed by tempering at 770 °С. After heat treatment, the steel structure was a tempered martensitic lath structure stabilised by the particles of secondary phases of M23C6 carbides, NbX carbonitrides, and M6C carbides. The average width of martensite laths was 380 nm, and the dislocation density was 1.4×1014 m−2. At low-cycle fatigue, with an increase in the strain amplitude from 0.2 to 1 %, the number of cycles before failure significantly decreases, and the value of plastic deformation in the middle of the number of loading cycles significantly increases. Maximum softening (18 %) is observed at a strain amplitude of 1 % in the middle of the number of loading cycles. In general, the steel structure after low-cycle fatigue tests does not undergo significant changes: the width of the laths increases by 18 % at a strain amplitude of more than 0.3 %, while the dislocation density remains at a rather high level (about 1014 m−2) at all strain amplitudes.