“破坏性创造”：大卫•哈维的新自由主义观评析

Abstract

大卫•哈维指出新自由主义实质上是一种意识形态工具，目的是为“滞胀”危机后重新恢复资本积累的条件、以及为夺回社会福利国家阶级妥协政策时期统治精英阶级失去的权力进行辩护和蒙蔽世人。哈维阐述了20世纪70年代以来新自由主义理论与实践重塑各国阶级力量对比格局以及世界政治–经济统治结构的历史过程，重点剖析新自由主义意识形态与美国垄断资产阶级权力的复辟、新自由主义“剥夺性积累”的表现形式、工人阶级对抗新自由主义可替代的选择。哈维的新自由主义观勾勒出当代资本主义的最新历史发展形态、基本特征、危机趋势以及世界社会主义运动复兴的新图景。但是，哈维用其新自由主义理论解释框架僵化地套用中国改革开放是其认识偏颇所在。 David Harvey points out that the neoliberalism is essentially an ideological apparatus, which is aiming at restoring conditions of capital accumulation conditions after the “stagflation” crisis as well as defending for retaking the lost power which was once retained by meritocrats when social welfare states were in the period of class compromise policy and deceiving the public. Harvey has expounded the historical process of neoliberalism theory and practice reshaping the pattern of balance of class forces within countries and the world political-economic governance structure since the 1970s, and he has mainly analyzed the restoration of neoliberal ideology and U.S. monopoly capitalist class power, the manifestations of neoliberal accumulation by dispossession and the alternatives of the working class against the neoliberalism. Harvey's neoliberal conception outlines the contemporary capitalism latest historical development form, basic characteristics, trend of crisis and the new picture of the revival of world socialist movement; but there are some cognitive biases when it comes to China's reform and opening up applying mechanically its theoretical explanation framework.