Abstract
Poetics is an an essential component of literary and folklore works, and therefore, the appeal of this literary problem is relevant. Some issues of the poetics of Abaza fairy tales were touched up-on in the works of V.B. Tugov, but as an independent scientific problem, it is posed for the first time, which ensures the novelty of the work. The purpose of the article is to study the verbal and figurative structure features of the na-tional fairy-tale prose texts. The direct tasks include comprehending such significant composi-tional elements as: a fantastic verse, the ways of manifestation of the narrator, the antithesis tech-nique, realistic and psychological details, portraits of people and animals, landscapes and their functions, semantic content of the names of the cardinal directions, images of a hill and a furnace, toponyms, hydronyms, phytonyms, food names. The research material was three main collections of the Abaza fairy tale epic: “Abaza fairy tales” (Mineralnye Vody, 2015), where two independent editions of T.Z. Tabulov, 1947 and 1955, are brought together; “Tales of Abazashty” (Stavropol, 2016), which is also a reprint of three col-lections released at the time by V.B. Tugov; “Abaza folk Fairy tales” (Cherkessk, 1986), compiled by V.N. Meremkulov. In some cases, we turned to the fairy tales included in the book “Abaza ma-terials A.N. Genko” (Sukhum, 2019) and “Abaza Folk Tales” (Moscow, 1985), which is a book of Abaza fairy tales translated into Russian. The main method of research is descriptive: the authors record observations, reinforce them with examples from various works, comment and draw conclusions. As necessary, a comparative method is used when studying the image of the furnace in Abaza and Russian fairy tales or when correlating individual folklore phenomena with literary ones. In some cases, a psychological method is used when the emotional state of the characters is considered, and a method of motiva-tional analysis is used when studying the motives of ingratitude, betrayal, and cruelty.
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