О функциональном программировании

Abstract

The article is devoted to the description of the features of functional programming, considered as a methodology for solving new and research problems of applied and system programming. The technique of analysis and comparison of programming paradigms is involved, taking into account the priorities of decision-making in the process of developing programs. The methodology for comparing languages and programming paradigms is based on an informal definition of the term “programming paradigm”, according to which, when comparing paradigms, it is necessary to highlight the distinctive testable features that allow verification. As such signs, it turned out to be useful to use priorities in decision-making at different stages of studying the problem statement, and then developing and debugging a program for solving it. Accounting of priority allows you to predict the complexity of the application of programmable solutions, starting with planning, studying and organizing the development of long-lived programs. The material of the article is somewhat debatable. The article gives a clear formulation of the principles of the functional programming paradigm, which distinguish it from other paradigms. Based on these principles, the derivation of consequences that allow the successful application of functional programming in solving complex problems is carried out, they are concretized to the tasks of organizing parallel computing and improving the performance of programs created within the framework of the functional programming paradigm. The complexity of creating programs for solving new problems is shown on the example of parallel computing and the requirements for a universal multi-paradigm language for parallel computing are described. For functional programming problems, the correctness and completeness of solutions is more important than the efficiency and productivity of the resulting programs. It is this choice of priorities that allows functional programming to be considered as a general technique for preparing prototypes or functional models. We can say that functional programming acts as a design office for production programming.