表象の現はれ方に關する實驗的研究 第三 -意志を離れたる心的状態に於る表象の現はれ方の研究-

Abstract

I.Object of study: When no sensory impressions, for example stimulus words, are given to us, and when no special volitional attitudes are taken by us, what sort of presentations then comes to us naturally and spontaneously? We want to study the appearance of these presentations.II. Method of study: We will study not by means of suggestions or any other technique, but by means of any familiar procedure in psychology. And we must gain besides not only subjective introspective data, but somewhat objective material able to infer the following of presentations. We thought of a method, then, meating the demand. That is the method of muscular work on Mosso's ergograph. In dark room and without experimenter one draws a light weight (530 gr) rhythmically 15 to 30 minutes according to slowly tact of metronom (56 in minutes), closing the eyes. That is the only work the observers have to do. We have 7 subjects and each observes 6 times in 6 days.III . ltetilt of olmerration: We can mark of three periods in the following of presentations observed.The 1 st Period: Actual stimuli are perceived. And consciousness concentrates in muscular work. The corresponding waves of ergograph goes in perfect order and the height of them is large (refer the photograph).The 2 nd pertriod: But before long, consciousness averts from actual work and actual world of perception. one begins to think about things seen or heard just before. Waves of ergograph swing.The 3 rd Period: The 3 rd period comes out abruptly. The contents of presentation bear upon one's older days and native land. Clear is the most images. But very difficult to recollect the details of them afterwards. Individual differs much about this period. Someone scarcely comes into it. The effect, of practice and length of time are not always determining factors. The work waves of the period are very low and. the form of them most characteristic.These three periods about the following of ideas is not only difference of period, but difference of, so to speak, order of our consciousness.IV. Consideration about pesults: The following of presentations in this work is neither recollection, association nor reflection in ordinary sense. We are not able to explain it with association, perseveration and determination tendencies, not comparable with socalled “complex” of analytical psychologists. That is no reproduction of presentations on our consciousness, but alternations of whole consciousness in its older age. This tendency seems to us to be so natural and spontaneous as to have consider it as a deep nature or instinct of our mind. Full descriptions of the work will be soon published in “Tohoku Psychologiea Folia”.