從《廣雅疏證》看王念孫的聲義相通説

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 王念孫《廣雅疏證•序》云：“訓話之旨，本於聲音。”書中每以聲義相通來疏解古義。近世學者，對王氏所言“某與某通”的語言成分、聲音關係，以及王氏聲義相通説，論之未深。本文就全書聲義相通的文例進行分析，闡釋其中所用術語，指出聲義相通的字，除通假字外，尚包括同源字和異體字。其次，本文考察不同術語所言相通字例，均屬音同或音近，並列表作出統計。第三是尋找王氏論定通用字的依據。最後對王氏聲義相通説的得失，作出評價，以補前人研究的不足。 In his introduction to Kuang-ya Shu-cheng, Wang Nien-sun notes that "the essence of meaning is lodged in the sound". In interpreting ancient meaning, Kuang-ya Shu-cheng usually takes different phonetics that convey the same meaning as interchangeable. In recent studies, not much has been written on the linguistic components and the tonal relations concerning Wang's interchangeable theory, and there still awaits an in-depth analysis of his theory of the interdependence of sound and meaning. This paper provides a throughout analysis of examples concerning the interdependence of sound and meaning in Kuang-ya Shu-cheng. This paper (1) explains the special terms used in the work, showing that characters of different sound but conveying the same meaning include not only loan characters (t'ung-chia tzu 通假字) but also cognate words (t'ung-yuan tzu 同源字) and variants (yi-t'i tzu 異體字). (2) provides statistical tables in support of the point that examples of interchangeable characters mentioned by various special terms are in fact homophones or near homophones. (3) examines the rationale behind Wang's discussion of loan characters. (4) evaluates Wang's theory of the interdependence of sound and meaning, so as to serve as a supplement to existing research.