小微湿地研究综述:定义、类型及生态系统服务

Abstract

小微湿地作为一个"新兴"的概念，受到学者和政策制定者的日益关注。虽然小微湿地面积较小，但是却发挥着独特的生态功能。针对小微湿地的深入研究，有助于进一步拓展湿地科学的研究尺度，促进学科体系发展。介绍了小微湿地研究兴起的背景，总结了小微湿地的面积范围和分类体系，归纳了小微湿地的累加作用和景观特征，着重分析了小微湿地在维持关键物种种群、提供生物迁移踏脚石、调节雨洪、改善水质，以及营造城乡优美景观等方面提供的生态系统服务。提出未来需要进一步加强小微湿地生态过程和相关机理研究，将小微湿地建设与现行湿地保护体系和城乡生态环境建设有机结合，促进小微湿地建设的有序和可持续发展。;As an emerging concept, small wetlands obtain increasing global attention from scholars to policy-makers. Small wetlands provide the essential ecosystem services despite of their limited areas. Focusing on small wetlands can not only expand the research scale, but also promote the development of wetland research discipline. This paper introduced the background of small wetlands studies, generalized the definition and classification of small wetlands, and then concluded their cumulative impacts and landscape characteristics. Next the paper reviewed the varies and valuable ecological services provided by small wetlands, including maintaining critical habitats, providing migrating stepping stones, regulating hydrologic process, purifying contaminated water, and creasing pleasant urban and rural landscape. As a conclusion, we suggested that research on ecological process and function mechanism of small wetlands should be further strengthened in the future. Additionally, the construction and restoration programs of small wetlands should be integrated with current wetland conservation schemes and rural-urban ecological construction programs to promote their sustainable development.