Abstract
Single particle tracking (SPT), laser tweezers, and single fluorophore video imaging (SFVI) have facilitated observation of molecular interactions in the plasma membrane of living cells at a level of single molecules. These techniques revealed that the membrane skeleton provides both corralling and binding effects on the movement of membrane proteins and lipids. Corralled membrane proteins undergo hop diffusion from one compartment to an adjacent one (membrane skeleton fence model). Lipids macroscopic diffusion is also largely limited by the hop rate across the compartment boundaries formed by rows of pickets made of various transmembrane proteins anchored to the actin membrane skeleton (anchored-protein picket model). These mechanisms can play a pivotal role in the molecular organization of the plasma membrane.
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