盐胁迫对“鄞红”葡萄光合特性及叶片细胞结构的影响

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 盐胁迫对‘鄞红’葡萄光合特性及叶片细胞结构的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201409141821 作者: 作者单位: 1.上海海洋大学; 2.浙江万里学院,浙江万里学院,浙江万里学院,1.上海海洋大学; 2.浙江万里学院,浙江万里学院,浙江万里学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 宁波市科技创新团队项目(2011B82019);浙江省科技厅项目(2011C32008);宁波市科技项目(2013C10009) Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf cell structure of ‘Yinhong’ grape seedlings Author: Affiliation: 1.Shanghai Ocean University; 2.Zhejiang Wanli University,Zhejiangwanli University,Zhejiangwanli University,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:采用水培法,研究了不同浓度(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%)NaCl处理对1年生‘鄞红’葡萄幼苗生长、光合特性及叶片细胞结构的影响,为盐碱地‘鄞红’葡萄的栽培提供参考。结果表明:低浓度盐分(NaCl≤0.4%)对葡萄生长、叶绿素含量、叶片细胞结构、气体交换参数以及叶绿素荧光参数影响不显著。随着盐浓度增大,葡萄生长受到抑制,叶片表皮层、栅栏组织、海绵组织变厚,海绵组织和栅栏组织细胞间隙变大,栅栏组织细胞叶绿体肿胀,内含淀粉粒和嗜锇颗粒变大且增多;同时,叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光化学电子传递效率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数qP以及栅栏组织/海绵组织比逐渐下降,非光化学猝灭系数qN逐渐上升;尤其在0.8%NaCl浓度胁迫下,葡萄生长、叶绿素含量、叶片细胞结构、气体交换参数以及叶绿素荧光参数均发生显著性变化。由此表明,‘鄞红’葡萄能在较低含盐量(NaCl ≤ 0.4%)的基质中正常生长。 Abstract:Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors affecting plants; it causes many changes in plant metabolism, such as decreasing the capacity and efficiency of photosynthesis and inhibiting growth. Salt stress also changes leaf cell structure. Therefore, plant growth, photosynthesis, and leaf cell structure are often used as indicators of salt stress injury in plants. In response to salt stress, plants have evolved diverse mechanisms that can mitigate the effects of stress and lead to improved plant tolerance. In this study, 1-year-old potted seedlings of ‘Yinghong’ grape were used to examine their changes in growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and leaf cell structure under different levels of salt stress, ranging from NaCl concentrations of 0% to 0.8%. The goal of this experiment was to provide reference information for grape cultivation in salty soils. Because of the complexity of the soil composition in the natural state, the actual salt concentration of soil is difficult to control. Thus, to investigate the responses of grape seedlings to specific and precise salt concentration conditions, a total of 100 potted seedlings were divided into five groups, and 20 seedlings each were placed into Hoagland hydroponic culture with one of five salt concentrations, specifically 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% NaCl. The chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the grape seedlings were measured every 15 days, and the characteristics of the growth and leaf cell structure were measured after 45 days. In this study, the LA-S plant image analysis system was used to measure the growth traits, such as the length, average diameter, surface area, volume of the root system, and leaf area. Chlorophyll content was measured with a SPAD-502+PLUS chlorophyll meter. The GFS-3000 portable photosynthesis system was used to measure gas exchange parameters, such as the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). The JUNIOR-PAM chlorophyll fluorometer was employed to measure chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) (Fv/Fm), PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching (qP), and non-photochemical quenching (qN). Finally, leaf cell microstructure and palisade tissue chloroplast ultrastructure were observed with an OLYMPUS optical microscope and a HITACHI-7650 transmission electron microscope. Grape seedlings in the low salt treatments (0.2% and 0.4% NaCl) grew normally, and the chlorophyll content, leaf cell structure, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not significantly different in these treatments from those of the control (0% NaCl). At higher NaCl concentrations (0.6% and 0.8% NaCl), plant growth was significantly constrained. The epidermis cells, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue in the leaves were thicker, the intercellular space within the palisade tissue and spongy tissue was larger, the chloroplasts became swollen, and the numbers and sizes of starch grains and plastoglobules were greater compared with the control. In addition, the chlorophyll content, Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, ETR, qP, and thickness ratio of the palisade/spongy tissue were lower and qN was higher relative to the control. In particular, compared with the control, significant changes in plant growth status, chlorophyll content, leaf cell structure, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were observed under high salt stress (0.8% NaCl). Therefore, 1-year-old potted seedlings of grape ‘Yinghong’ could grow normally under low salinity stress(NaCl ≤ 0.4%). 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献