畑作における省エネルギー的機械化作業技術の開発 Ｉ 等負荷方式による機械化作業技術の評価

Abstract

The measure to acquire the mechanized working technique with high energy utilization efficiency was studied by optimizing a combination of a tractor with a work equipment.1) After the load characteristic of a main work equipment for tractors was measured, it was found that the work equipment for tilling required the heaviest power, came next the work equipment for harvesting, breaking and leveling and the work equipment for control, fertilizing and sowing required the lightly power.If these operations are performed by one tractor, a large tractor suitable for tilling would be required and the output utilization ratio of the tractor would be too small for other operations.2) After the influence of the factor on the load characteristic of the work equipment was measured by a plow and rotary tiller, it was recognized that both the required power and fuel consumption have a constant primary linear relationship with the travel speed, working width, depth and hardness of soil respectively.3) When about 80% of the tractor maximum output was used that the fuel consumption per horsepower and fuel consumption work volume were high. Further, in the rotary cultivation with a certain area, the smaller the tractor was, the wider the working width was, and the lower the travel speed was, the less the fuel consumption was.4) The “Balanced Load System” which adapts the load for the work equipment with the tractor output by making the work equipment load uniform is regarded as a working method with high energy utilization effciency. The balanced load system was calculated by varying the working width whereby the load for the work equipment can be easily increased and decreased. As a result, a non-realistic working width was given, however it was considered reasonable that this system should be based on a 30 PS class tractor.5) In a tilling operation with a particularly great load, the tractor for use could be reduced to half in size and the fuel consumption be reduced by about 30% without reducing the work efficiency and accuracy by dispersing the load by means of partial cultivation.