Abstract
Improving energy efficiency is one of the main ways to reduce energy pollution that leads to economic development, increasing energy access and better life. That can result in reducing fossil fuel use and growing clean energy supplies. The Gulf countries have as many renewable resources as hydrocarbons like sunshine, considerable wind resources, and geothermal. The economy of the Middle east deeplydepends on fossil fuel export. Declining fossil fuel supplies and rising energy prices are driving global energy supplies to renewables energies. Although the Middle East region, due to its special geographical features, has significant potential for the growth of renewable energy sources, they have not been developed yet. It overviews the energy situation and sustainability, economic potential of renewable energy, policies for energy systems over the recent decades in six resource-rich countries in the middle east. In addition, along with renewable energy technologies, possible ways to solve current environmental problems are recognized. The methodology of this work is PESTLE analysis of these countries' energy status to develop a long-term mechanism for sustainable and secure energy for the Middle East based on Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental. Also, it identifies challenges that restrict the development of renewable energy technologies in the Middle East. By analyzing the status of energy in recent decades, the importance of implementation of effective energy policies to develop sustainable energy can be realized. Key words: energy source, sustainable future, renewable, effective policy, resource-rich countries.
Highlights
The Middle East countries, whose economies depend on hydrocarbons for their energy supply and domestic consumption, are consuming huge amounts of natural resources domestically
Since most of the energy used in the region is provided by fossil fuels, any alternative way must respond to promoting renewable energy solutions to protect the environment while maintaining development
The first section of this paper looks an overview of natural resources, energy production and consumption. the second section is about renewableenergy development in these countries and the last one is PESTLE analysis of renewable energy with consideration of energy trends and CO2 emissions in the MiddleEast
Summary
The Middle East countries, whose economies depend on hydrocarbons for their energy supply and domestic consumption, are consuming huge amounts of natural resources domestically Their rapid economic growth, identified by population explosion, significant industrialization, and growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) makes them large consumers of energy. Demand for electricity is soaring; it has nearly doubled during the last decade and will continue to grow inexorably by seven to eight percent annually for several years to come (Imen: 2012) Such rapid growth of energy needs is making pressure on the GCC's hydrocarbon resources, a significant lack of which, and inefficient use or damage to the environment refers to the fact that we should not be too dependent on fossil resources. The first section of this paper looks an overview of natural resources, energy production and consumption. the second section is about renewableenergy development in these countries and the last one is PESTLE analysis of renewable energy with consideration of energy trends and CO2 emissions in the MiddleEast
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