Когнитивная реабилитация. Обзор

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. Cognitive impairment, which represent a deterioration in cognitive functions (attention, memory, speech, perception, praxis, control functions) compared to the initial individual and/or average age due to brain pathology, have a negative impact on the quality of life of the patient and his environment, greatly hindering the possibility of returning to full functioning. AIM. Patients with cognitive impairment require comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, including cognitive, motor rehabilitation and drug correction. However, at the pre-demential stages, due to the limited effectiveness of pharmacological strategies, the tasks of secondary prevention of the progression of cognitive dysfunction and reducing the severity of clinical manifestations and their impact on the patient’s life come to the fore. CONCLUSION. Cognitive rehabilitation, which appeared in the 60s of the XX century in close connection with neuropsychology, currently represents a therapeutic approach, a set of therapeutic measures aimed at improving cognitive functions and increasing the daily activity of the patient. Among the actively used techniques of cognitive rehabilitation are cognitive training, classical and using computer programs, cognitive stimulation, and physical training. The use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, in particular transcranial magnetic stimulation, is also promising. Research on the effectiveness of non-drug methods of correction of cognitive disorders and the introduction of new methods of exposure are an urgent task of rehabilitation treatment. KEYWORDS: cognitive impairment, rehabilitation, dementia