日本の病院建築における「成長と変化」の概念の発展に関する研究

Abstract

The concept "Growth and Change" on hospital architecture proposed by United Kingdom architect John Weeks (1921-2005) has been popular among Japanese hospital architects. Most of the newly-build hospitals are expected to have some margin in its site for future building extension or construction along the concept. This study aims to find how the concept has been introduced and developed in Japan. Literature review and interviews were carried out and the findings are as follows; 1) 245 papers concerning hospital design issued from 1874 to 2007 has been collected; 2) John Weeks was introduced to Japan in Professor Makoto Ito's paper in 1965 followed by Weeks' concept “Growth and Change” in Professor Tadashi Yanagisawa's paper in 1969 while architect Richard Llewelyn Davies (1912-1981), counterpart of John Weeks, appeared earlier by 13 years. 3) Similar concept has already been found by Ogai Mori in 1899 and theorized by Masao Takamatsu from United States examples in 1923; 4) After 1969, Weeks' concept has spread and was accepted throughout Japan through textbook and drawings of its application, Chiba Cancer Center, though some questions have been raised; 5) The concept has been Post-Occupancy-Evaluated by Weeks and found unsuccessful in the case of Northwick Park Hospital he designed in 1970.