РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЙ СМЫСЛ ТРАНСЦЕНДИРОВАНИЯ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the concept “transcendence” in history of philosophy. The research has led to the idea that transcendence has always had a religious meaning - explicit or implicit. In the Ancient philosophy, this concept denoted the ascent to the Highest Good. Although the Good was synonymous with the “God of philosophers”, which did not require prayerful veneration and cult actions, transcendence itself was considered by philosophers by analogy with a religious cult, since it assumed a carefully prepared and diligently executed system of actions, aimed at establishing a connection with the transcendent reality and related to the transformation of personality. In the Middle Ages, transcendence was also understood as a conscious transformation of a person in order to gain the highest level of being. But among scholastics the idea of the leading role of the intellect in transcendence arose, and in the philosophy of the Renaissance and Modernity it was developed and has found its maximum expression in the philosophy of Kant. In existentialism, which was the antithesis of neothomistic metaphysics, the Christian understanding of transcendence, as the movement of a person to God, became one of the subjects of criticism. However, religious existentialism combined the existentialist search for the true being of man with the Christian understanding of the transcendent as the sphere of absolute being or God and, thereby, returned the concept of “transcendence” to its religious meaning.