中国エペンギ(鄂温克)族の頭顔部および歯列弓の形質人類学的研究

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to clarify the traits of head, face and dental arch form of Evenks tribe by comparing with seven other tribes living in the northeastern China and Japan : Mongol, Man, Han, Xibo, Hui, Dafurs and Japanese. The somatological measurements of Evenks' head and face, and the casts of the dental arches were recorded from the 146 subjects of Evenks' young adults (68 males and 78 females) that inhabit at Hailaer city of China as of September, 1996. T-test was used to compare and assess the following respective items. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. Comparison of the male and the female on the mean values of head and face measurements. 1) Maximum head length was 178.53±8.20 mm im the male and 173.13±5.81 mm in the female. Both the male and the female belonged to the Middle type. In the male, Evenks tribe had a mean greater than Mongol and Han tribes, but smaller than Japanese. In the female, Evenks tribe had a mean greater than Man and Han tribes, but smaller than Japanese. 2) Maximum head breadth was 154.93±5.54 mm in the male, which belonged to the Middle type, and 151.68±5.07 mm in the female, which belonged to the Wide type. In the female, Evenks tribe had a mean greater than Japanese. 3) Bizygomatic breadth was 126.69±6.24 mm in the male, which belonged to the Very Narrow type, and 122.79±6.11 mm in the female, which belonged to the Narrow type. In the male, Evenks tribe had a mean greater than Mongol tribe, but smaller than Man, Han and Japanese. In the female, Evenks tribe had a mean greater than Man and Han tribes, but smaller than Japanese. 4) Morphological facial height was 122.53±7.38 mm in the male, which belonged to the Middle type, and 117.24±6.16 mm in the female, which belonged to the High type. In the male, Evenks tribe had a mean greater than Mongol and Man tribes, but smaller than Japanese. In the female, Evenks tribe had a mean greater than Man and Han tribes, but smaller than Mongol tribe and Japanese. 5) Cephalic index was 86.96±5.05 in the male, and 87.64±3.89 in the female, which belonged to the Hyperbrachycephalic type in both the male and female. In the male, Evenks tribe tended to be longer and shorter in values than Man tribe, and Japanese, but similar to Mongol and Han tribes. In the female, Evenks tribe tended to be longer in values than Man and Han tribes, and Japanese, but similar to Mongol tribe. 6) Morphological facial index was 96.77±4.67 in the male, which belonged to the Mesoprosopic type, and 95.62±5.42 in the female, which belonged to the Hyper Leptoprosopic type. Evenks tribe had an index significantly narrower than Man, Han tribes and Japanese, but similar to Mongol tribe in both sexes. 2. Comparison of Evenks tribe and four other tribes on the mean values of dental arch measurements. The shape of upper jaw in the male of Evenks tribe is slightly shorter than that in Mongol tribe, and the shape of lower jaw in the female of Evenks tribe is slightly shorter than Han tribe. 3. According to the cluster analysis, Evenks tribe is the closest to Mongol and Dafurs tribes among the seven east Asian populations.