Abstract
A fabrication method to produce two-dimensional (2D) crystalline films of protein molecules and fine particles is reported. The key innovation in this fabrication is the use of wetting films of protein and colloid solutions stably spread on clean and flat substrate surfaces. When appropriate conditions are maintained, the thin liquid films of protein and colloid solutions leave a monolayer state of molecules or particles, namely 2D crystalline films, after removal of solvents by evaporation. The significance of the film fabrication lies in its active nature to harness a firm directional transport of particles driven by spreading or convection flow of the solution. This adds an unique character to the fabrication which is exclusively effective in thin liquid films on flat substrates, making a good contrast to the slow process of crystallization in bulk solutions. Owing to this active nature of the particle assembling, hexagonally packed 2D crystals of fine molecules or particles can grow within a short duration.
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