沙滩-社区系统健康韧性评价——以深圳市大鹏半岛为例

Abstract

沙滩既是海岸带旅游活动热点区，也是应对陆海交互影响以及人为气候变化的最前沿。如何将韧性和健康理念融入到海岸带发展建设规划，建立自免疫、自适应、自修复的区域健康韧性发展机制已成为亟待解决的问题。定位于深圳大鹏半岛的沙滩-社区系统，从社会-生态系统的应对力和适应力出发，构建健康韧性评估框架。结果显示：（1）大鹏沙滩-社区复合系统中，社会子系统健康韧性水平（0.38±0.16，均值±标准差）低于生态子系统（0.65±0.10）；（2）依据沙滩管理分类，I类沙滩的社会（0.53±0.16）、生态子系统（0.67±0.08）健康韧性均最高，沙滩浴场类复合系统的健康韧性大于围合管理类和封闭管理类，而开放管理类沙滩耦合系统的健康韧性在社会、生态子系统间差异明显，其生态子系统得分最低而社会子系统得分偏高；（3）沙滩-社区复合系统健康韧性差异的主控因子包括紧急避难场所覆盖率（19.4%，贡献度）、沙滩整洁度（16.5%）、公共卫生设施覆盖率（16.1%），提升此类健康指标是提升沙滩-社区系统健康韧性的关键。本研究揭示了大鹏半岛的沙滩-社区系统存在自然资源分散、健康基础设施服务供给质量差异显著等问题，为大鹏半岛可持续发展和沙滩生态产品价值实现提供了科学评估基础。;Beach is not only the hot spot of coastal tourism activities, but also the front line of dealing with land-sea interaction and anthropogenic climate change. In the post-epidemic era, integrating resilient and healthy cities into local development planning to establish self-immune is critical in building an autoimmunity, self-adaptive and self-healing local resilience development mechanism ensuring the health of the system. In this study, we developed a resilience assessment framework based on the coping ability and adaptation ability of the system. The results showed that: (1) in Dapeng beach-community complex system, the health-resilience level of social subsystem (0.38±0.16, Mean±SD) was lower than that of ecological subsystem (0.65±0.10). (2) According to the classification of beach management, the social resilience (0.53±0.16) and ecological resilience (0.67±0.08) of beach in category I were the highest. The health-resilience of bathing beaches was higher than beaches with enclosed management and closed management. Besides, the beaches with open management scored the lowest in the ecological subsystem while it got the higher score in the social subsystem. (3) Similarity percentage analysis showed that the coverage rate of emergency shelters (19.4%, contribution), beach cleanliness (16.5%), and coverage rate of public health facilities (16.1%), as indicators of health status, were also the main controlling factors causing differences in beach health-resilience. Improving such health indicators is key to improve the resilience of beach-community systems. In this study, we revealed that there were some management shortages in the beach-community system, such as natural resources dispersion, significant difference between supply coverage and quality of health infrastructure service. We provided a scientific basis for the sustainable development of the Dapeng Peninsula and the realization of the value of beach ecological products.