국가혁신시스템 관점에서 바라본, SDGs 달성을 위한 과학·기술·혁신 지표 개발 탐색적 연구

Abstract

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in 2015, by the United Nations (UN). In achieving the SDGs, science·technology·innovation (STI) has been emphasized as one of means of implementation in achieving SDGs. Hence, in order to reflect an STI perspective, the UN established the Technology Facilitation Mechanism (TFM) in September 2015. One of the main activities of the TFM is to formulate the guideline of ‘STI for SDGs Roadmaps’ and to encourage countries to create such individual national roadmaps. Along this line of work, recent discussion has centered around the development of indicators to measure activities and performance of STI for SDGs. This engendered a series of questions regarding i) what the proper STI indicators are for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of SDGs, ii) whether and what kinds of STI indicators are needed, iii) and how STI indicators are to be reflected at the global and national levels. Based on these, this paper attempts to explore whether and what kinds of STI indicators are reflected in the current indicators of the UN-SDGs and Korean SDGs (K-SDGs). For this analysis, this paper reviews the existing STI indicators in use, takes a national innovation system (NIS) perspective as a theoretical basis, and formulates four STI criteria and related specific STI indicators: i) R&D input and output, ii) STI institution/governance, iii) STI network, and iv) STI infrastructure. With four categories and their respective indicators, this paper examines how the indicators of the UN-SDGs and K-SDGs are relevant to the STI indicators and draws policy implications for each criterion. The analytical result reveals that the indicators of the UN-SDGs and K-SDGs include the STI indicators of all four criteria, though the patterns of reflection are different. This paper ends with some ideas for future policy and research approaches to the STI indicators for SDGs.