Abstract
In this study, the chemical compositions of samples collected at the Redwood National Park IMPROVE site in California from March 1988 to May 2004 were analyzed to provide source identification and apportionment. A total of 1,640 samples were collected and 33 chemical species were analyzed by particle induced X-ray emission, proton elastic scattering analysis, photon induced X-ray fluorescence, ion chromatography, and thermal optical reflectance methods. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to develop source profiles and to estimate their mass contributions. The PMF modeling identified five sources and the average mass was apportioned to motor vehicle (35.8%, ), aged sea salt (23.2%, ), fresh sea salt (21.4%, ), wood/field burning (16.1%, ), and airborne soil (3.5%, ), respectively. To analyze local source impacts from various wind directions, the CPF and NPR analyses were performed using source contribution results with the wind direction values measured at the site. These results suggested that sources of are also sources of visibility degradation and then source apportionment studies derived for are also used for understanding visibility problem.
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