Abstract
A free flooded ring (FFR) transducer is a ring type projector which has a open backing, cavity, to the water, and it can be applied to a deep sea sound source. A a vertical line array should be constructed to improve the source level but a height of the vertical array should be limited shortly to ensure the sonar operation at sea. In this compact array case, complex interferences caused by cavity modes and mutual radiation impedances may affect on the transmitting responses of the array. Therefore, effects of the element spacing on transmitting characteristics of the FFR transducer array should be understood since the element spacing is the dominant parameter of those interactions. First of all, the transmitting responses of the arrays are numerically calculated according to the element spacing. Strong interference effects related with transmitting characteristics are expected especially around the cavity mode. Simulated results are verified experimentally by underwater acoustic test. Several practical aspects regarding the interference effects are discussed for a sonar design and an operation in this work.
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