О ПРИРОДООХРАННОМ СТАТУСЕ CEPHALARIA URALENSIS (DIPSACACEAE) НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The issue of the conservation status of Trifolium alpestre L. (Fabaceae) on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered in the article. The species was included in the first edition (2001) and the second edition (2011) of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan (category and status: 3 – rare species). The article provides the following information about the species: morphological description with an indication of the main diagnostic features; modern data on the distribution of the species in the republic, new finds of the species in the Bashkir Cis-Ural; brief ecological and phytocenotic characteristics; features of biology (according to data from literature sources); modern data on the number and state of local populations; limiting factors; adopted and recommended protection measures, data on the possibility of preserving the species in culture. Currently, the state of Trifolium alpestre on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan can be considered satisfactory. There are no direct threats to the species. It has been established that the species is distributed much more widely in the Republic of Bashkortostan (the species is known from more than 30 points in 16 administrative districts) than previously assumed (it was known in 16 points in 12 administrative districts during the preparation and publication of the Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2011). The species shows significant tolerance to adverse factors and tends to increase in number. It is satisfactorily provided with territorial security The data presented in the article fully justify the possibility of excluding the species Trifolium alpestre from the list of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan and including it in the regional list of species that need biomonitoring – «List of flora and fungi objects that are not included in the Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, but need special attention on the territory of the republic to their state in the natural environment and monitoring».

Monitoring of protected fungi species by methods of modern information technologies

The issue of the conservation status of Euphorbia glareosa Pall. ex Bieb. (Euphorbiaceae Juss.) on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered in the article. In the second edition of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan [2011] this species was included in the regional list of rare species that need biomonitoring – «List of objects of flora and fungi that are not included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, but need special attention on the territory of the republic to their state in the natural environment and monitoring». The article provides the following information about the species: morphological description with an indication of the main diagnostic features; modern data on the distribution of the species in the republic; brief ecological and phytocenotic characteristics; features of biology (according to data from literature sources); modern data on the number and state of local population; limiting factors; adopted and recommended protection measures, data on the possibility of preserving the species in culture. On the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the species E. glareosa достоверно is known only from one point – the southern shore of Lake Aslikul in the Davlekanovsky district (the territory of the Asly-Kul natural park). In the republic, E. glareosa is a poorly studied species and is located at the edge of the range (at the eastern and northern limits of distribution). The known population is small 50-80 generative individuals). The population is subject to negative anthropogenic and natural influences. The species is poorly resistant to these influences. The species is on the verge of extinction. The data presented in the article fully justify the possibility of excluding the species Euphorbia glareosa Pall. ex Bieb. from the regional list of rare species «List of objects of flora and fungi that are not included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, but need special attention on the territory of the republic to their state in the natural environment and monitoring» and including it in «List of objects of flora and fungi listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan» (third edition, 2021) (category and status: 1 – endangered species).

The paper summarizes the results of the analysis of the territorial protection maintenance of the wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region. To assess the current state of territorial protection of rare wildlife species the database containing 3599 facts of registrations of the rare wildlife species on approved and projected protected areas of the Nizhny Novgorod region was compiled by the authors. In addition, authors have offered to recognize 5 levels of the protection maintenance: full, good, satisfactory, poor, and absent. Authors have evaluated the scale of changes in the rare wildlife species providing with territorial protection in the XX-XXI centuries as well. The territorial protection maintenance of the rare wildlife species in the Nizhny Novgorod region has grown significantly over the past 40 years. In 2001, the rare wildlife species listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region were known to inhabit only 195 protected areas. Now the rare species of animals, plants, fungi and lichens are protected in 227 approved protected areas, and 92 territories are projected for the protected areas establishing. In general, the territorial protection of rare species listed in the regional Red Data Book seems to be satisfactory, but need the significant improvement. It is necessary to create additional protected areas along with continued searching of rare species habitats.

The article presents a review of data on a rare endemic species of the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) – Pimpinella tomiophylla (Woronow) Stank. (Apiaceae). The species is included in the third edition of the Red Data Book of the RB [2021] in the following status: category 2 – a species that is declining in abundance and/or distribution; vulnerable species (VU); II priority (Bashkir Cis-Urals). The article provides the following information about the species: conservation status; nomenclature reference; morphological description; distribution in the republic; brief ecological and phytocenotic characteristics; features of biology; modern data on condition of the local population; limiting factors; measures for the protection. The species was first described for science in 1931 from Mount Tratau (RB, Ishimbai district) according to herbarium collections in 1915 and 1926 (LE) [Voronov, 1931; Flora of the USSR, 1950]. In the republic, P. tomiophylla is a poorly studied species and is located within a narrow local range. At present, the species is reliably known only from one point – the territory of the natural monument «Mount Tratau» (UFA) [The Red Data Book…, 2021]. The species occurs in plant communities with typical petrophytic species. It grows mainly in the lower part of the western and southwestern slopes of the mountain. The known population of the species is numerous. In recent years, the recreational load on the populations of rare species on Mount Tratau, including the species P. tomiophylla, has increased, which will inevitably lead to a reduction in the area and number of its population. The necessity of a set of additional measures for the protection of P. tomiophylla in situ and ex situ is substantiated.

The Bashkir Trans-Urals (the eastern part of the Republic of Bashkortostan) includes the low mountains and foothills of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals, as well as the adjacent Sakmaro-Tanalyk and Kizilo-Urtazym plains. The vegetation is forest-steppe and steppe. Despite the small amount of precipitation (350-450 mm/year), there are quite a lot of mires, especially in the northern part of the study area. Mires are located mainly on the slopes of mountains and hills and at their foothills, in endorheic basins, in river floodplains, and often have a large area (up to several hundred hectares). All mires are eutrophic, their vegetation cover includes paludified birch and black alder forests and treeless reed, reed-sedge, moss-sedge plant communities. In 2023, more than 240 mires were identified in the Bashkir Trans-Urals, 60% of the total area of which (more than 8 thousand hectares) were disturbed as a result of drainage and peat extraction. There are very few publications about the distribution and the state of populations of rare plant species in the mires of the study area. The aim of this work is to summarize and to analyze the data on the representation of rare species of vascular plants in the mires of the Bashkir Trans-Urals. Currently, in the mires of the Bashkir Trans-Urals, 32 rare plant species in need of protection have been identified, including 25 species (Table 1) listed in core list of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan [Martynenko, 2021], as well as 7 species are included in the Appendix II to this book, i.e. “List of flora and fungi that require special attention to their condition in the natural environment and monitoring in the Republic of Bashkortostan” (Carex dioica, Ranunculus lingua, Salix myrtilloides, Salix pyrolifolia, Saussurea parviflora, Baeothryon pumilum, Utricularia intermedia). Two species (Liparis loeselii. and Orchis militaris) are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation [Order ..., 2023]. The largest number of rare mire species belong to the families Orchidaceae (11 species) and Cyperaceae (4 species). About 80% of these rare species are stenotopic and have a fidelity score for the mire ecotope III-V. Therefore, the destruction or degradation of their habitats will lead to the disappearance of their local populations in the Bashkir Trans Urals. Little is known about the population size of rare species growing in the mires of the Bashkir Trans-Urals. Local populations of these species are often small and usually consist of several dozen, rarely hundreds of individuals (Carex serotina, Dactylorhiza russowii, etc.). For few species, for instance, Orchis militaris, the subpopulation size within the mire can amount to several thousand individuals, but, depending on weather conditions, there are extreme fluctuations in the number of plants in different years. A decrease in the number or disappearance of subpopulations of rare plant species depends on different factors, i.e., fluctuations in the water level in lakeside mires, the habitat degradation along the edges of mires due to grazing and haymaking (Artemisia laciniata), drying out of mires due to a decrease in the groundwater level after droughts (Liparis loeselii, Saxifraga hirculus), drainage, peat extraction, peat fires and recreation. Currently, populations of rare and protected species of vascular plants have been identified in 58 mires. The most valuable for the protection of rare species of vascular plants are the mire vegetation complexes of the natural monuments “Nurok Mire”, “Karpis Mire”, “Starobalbukovskoye Mire” [Muldashev et al., 2020]. Most of the mires of the Bashkir Trans-Urals, where habitats of rare species have been identified, do not have conservation status. Searching for new locations and monitoring local populations of rare plant species are a necessary for organizing effective protection of the biodiversity of this region, which is characterized by a high degree of agricultural development. Factors causing a reduction or disappearance of local populations of rare species in the mires of the Bashkir Trans-Urals are the consequences of drainage, fluctuations in the water level in lakeside mires, grazing and haymaking along the edges of mires, drought and recreation.

Insects, as the most diverse group of invertebrates, are often unfairly underrepresented in Red Lists of threatened taxa. Despite the significant biodiversity and ecosystem functionality of this group, regional Red lists of taxa often ignore truly threatened species and, conversely, include species that are quite common in adjacent regions. The paper presents the results of long-term monitoring of rare insect species in 14 regions of European Russia (Vladimir Region, Volgograd Region, Voronezh Region, Lipetsk Region, Moscow Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Penza Region, Ryazan Region, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Region, Saratov Region, Tambov Region, Ulyanovsk Region). The aim of the study was to summarise the results of long-term research of rare species listed in regional Red Data Books and the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. A wide variety of insect collection and census methods were used. To characterise regional Red Data Books during the research, the taxonomic lists, which were actual at the time of the research, were used. The information resulted in 96 insect species from eight orders (one from Odonata, three from Orthoptera, seven from Hemiptera, 64 from Coleoptera, two from Neuroptera, one from Raphidioptera, 13 from Lepidoptera, 5 from Hymenoptera), included in the Red Data Books of the studied regions; of these, 18 species are also included or were included in the recent (2021) or previous (2001) edition of the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, respectively. Between one and three species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation were recorded for the first time in seven regions. The number of species included in the regional Red Data Books ranges from 47 species in the Volgograd Region to 261 species in the Voronezh Region. It is assumed that 30 species from the studied taxa do not require special protection measures and should be excluded from protected lists of regional Red Data Books. Justification for such recommendations is provided in each specific case. Leptura aurulenta is proposed to be included on the list of the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation.

Growing anthropogenic pressure and changing climate conditions create new reality in which more and more native fauna species require our attention. That is the reason for scientists to compile Red Lists or Red Data Books on different levels. The main factors of negative impact on animals nowadays are as follows: destruction and/or transformation of natural ecosystems (habitats), illegal removal from nature, commercial overuse, natural disasters and climate change, as well as military actions. The Red Data Book of Ukraine includes 140 species of animals which appear in Lviv region. However, there are also other species within the region that deserve protection. The latest Lviv region list of rare species was approved in 2007 – two years before the publication of the third edition of Red Data Book of Ukraine, and is somewhat outdated. For more than 15 years the animal habitats have changed, and the list of species in the new edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2021) has changed significantly. According to this, a new list of regionally rare animal species is objectively needed. Such a list has been compiled and is presented in the article. The main species criteria for being included into it are: vulnerability to the environmental changes, a sharp decline in the number of individuals or rapid population area shrinkage, low occurrence frequency within the region, relic origin, endemic or sub-endemic status, species on the edge of their distribution ranges or with the complex life cycles, etc. We believe that our knowledge about regionally rare species and their distribution can be one of the reasons for the establishing of new protected areas. This will help to preserve rare ecosystems in the structure of national ecological network and strengthen the conservation of species and coenotic diversity both in some separate territories or regions, and in Ukraine as a whole. After additional, detailed scientific research some of the regionally rare animal species will obviously be recommended to be included into the next edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine. Thus, at least 106 animal species are proposed to became regionally protected in Lviv region. 64 of them are already under the protection of Bern Convention, 26 – under Bonn Convention, and 13 under the protection of Washington Convention.

The mycobiota of Tomsk oblast have been studied for many years on the basis of traditional and modern methods of systematics, biomorphology and molecular biology. Only such approach provides revealing background, and species of regional mycobiota. Basing on the results of 13-year investigations in 2004-2016 and on literature data, we extended the list of macromycetes of Tomsk oblast from 900 to 1300 species (subdivision Pezizomycotina and classis Agaricomycetes). For the stationary work in pine and cedar forests of Tomsk oblast we formed 7 long-term permanent transects with the total area of 1400 m 2 , where we collected and registered macromycetes every 10-15 days during the season. Several species were identified by Blast-N on line of the algorithm of comparing homologous sequences of ITS-region of nuclear DNA ribosomal genes in databases GenBank and BOLD. To amplify ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region we used primer ITS1F common for fungi and primer ITS4B specific for basidiomycetes. We applied the scale of categories of rarity given in the Red Data Book of Tomsk oblast. Inclusion of a species into the group was based on an expert evaluation where key factors were its occurrence (up to 10 finds in the region during the whole period of investigations), reduction in the number as a result of a negative anthropogenic influence, and an analysis of the species occurrence by regional literature sources and by the Red Data Books of adjacent territories. As a result, 192 species were registered under natural conditions and 47 - under anthropogenic ones (in total 18.4% of the regional mycobiota) and are referred to as rare. We analyzed rare species, identified by mycologists in the 1980s (20 species); 11 of them have remained and endangered (See Tables). Four species are of the utmost concern today: Gyromitra sphaerospora (Peck) Sacc.; Phallus impudicus L.; Gyromitra gigas (Krombh.) Cooke and Sparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr.; the last facts about them were provided in scientific literature in Tomsk oblast more than 30 years ago. Other 9 species were, on the contrary, transferred to the group; with a systematic monitoring they are regularly found in their typical habitats. For 192 presented rare species, the number of their registrations in Tomsk oblast and an overview of their conservation status in some regions of Siberia and European Russia are provided. In order to protect the regional mycobiota, we suggest establishing Specially Protected Natural Areas of different status in intact undisturbed forests and studying the mycobiota in already existing nature reserves. At the present time, this is particularly true for a fungal component of forest ecosystems of Siberia. An expansion of the list of protected species in the region seems important. E.g. in the 1 st edition of the Red Data Book of Tomsk oblast (2002) only 2 species of macromycetes and in the 2 nd (2013) - 8 species were presented; this does not correspond to the real situation and modern data on the species diversity of fungi and their status of rare and disappearing species.

Various types of forest and meadow plant communities of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic (CentralCaucasus) from the steppes to the alpine were examined by the route method during floristic investigations in 2018–2019. New locations of five rare species of vascular plants of the region natural flora were found (Picea orientalis (L.)Peterm., Taxus baccata L., Betula raddeana Trautv., Acer trautvetteri Medw., Eriophorum angustifolium Honck.). Exactlocations for another five rare species within the previously designated areas were also identified (Pojarkovia pojarkovae(Schischk.) Greuter., Scopolia carniolica Jacq., Hypericum nummularioides Trautv., Securigera orientalis(Mill.) Lassen,Galanthus alpinus Sosn.). The article presents the data on the floristic finds, indicating the coordinates of specific locations,species habitat preferences in region, the number of populations, the species distribution in the Caucasus, and informationof inclusion in the Red Books of adjacent regions. The rarest vascular plant species for the native flora of the KabardinoBalkar Republic are Galanthus alpinus, Scopolia carniolica, Pojarkovia pojarkovae. All three species were revealed inmountain territories subject to high recreational (trampling by tourists, picking up flowers) and economic (grazing) loads.All three species were revealed in mountain territories. The findings of isolated populations of Picea orientalis, Taxus baccata, Betula raddeana, Acer trautvetteri provided new information about the distribution and ecology of these rarespecies listed in the latest edition of regional Red Data Book. For these species, the categories of rarity status acceptedin the Red Book of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic are confirmed. Galanthus alpinus, Scopolia carniolica, Pojarkoviapojarkovae, Hypericum nummularioides, Securigera orientalis, Eriophorum angustifolium are proposed for inclusion inthe next edition of the Kabardino-Balkar Red Data Book. The most endangered state was identified for Picea orientalis,for which only two habitats in the region are reliably known and those are subject to intense anthropogenic impact.

The data paper describes a dataset of occurrences of fungal species listed in the Red Data Book of Yugra Region (Western Siberia, Russia). The dataset is based on all digitised records of fungal occurrences in the region. The authors conducted an assessment of the conservation status of fungal species for the revised third edition of the Red Data Book of Yugra. The third edition of the Red Data Book of Yugra includes a total of 61 fungal species (excluding lichens). Of these, nine species are listed on the IUCN Red List and six are included in the Red Data Book of Russia. At the time of publication, the dataset comprises 1180 records of protected species, including human observations, preserved specimens and material citations from literature. The paper provides the first overview of the history of fungal conservation in Yugra (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, KhMAO-Yugra). For the first time, open-source data are used for the assessment of the occurrence of rare species and evaluation of their conservation status for the revised third edition of the Red Data Book of Yugra. An integrated occurrence dataset for the species included in the new edition of the Red Data Book is presented.

This article presents the list of fungal species recommended for inclusion in the new edition of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic, and information about changes sincethe previous edition. During 2008-2018, we inventoried the mycobiota and the status of the populations of rare species of fungi in previously unexplored areas and received new data on their distribution, ecological and biological features. Based on the results, we can suggest 65 species for protection: 35 of them should be transferred from the previous Red Data Book edition (2009) with the same status, and the 30 new species of macromycetes are Trichoderma nybergianum, Verpa conica, Microstoma protractum, Bovista paludosa, Echinoderma echinaceum, Entoloma incanum, Chrysomphalina chrysophylla, Cuphophyllus cinerellus, Hygrophorus inocybiformis, Phaeocollybia festiva, Baeospora myriadophylla, Clitocybula lignicola, Crinipellis piceae, Tectella patellaris, Pluteus umbrosus, Leucocortinarius bulbiger, Omphaliaster borealis, Ripartites tricholoma, Boletinus asiaticus, B. spectabilis, Suillus acidus, S. americanus, Geastrum pectinatum, Ramaria fennica, R. karstenii, R. rubella, Polyporus umbellatus, Lactarius alpinus, L. brunneoviolaceus, and L. dryadophilus . Six species ( Pluteus umbrosus, Leucocortinarius bulbiger, Geastrum pectinatum, Polyporus umbellatus, Ramaria fennica, R. karstenii ) are reported for the first time for the region. Four species ( Ganoderma lucidum, Polyporus umbellatus, Sarcosoma globosum, Sparassis crispa ) are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (2008). We suggest seven species of fungi to be excluded from the new edition of the Red Data Book. Some of them are common in disturbed sites (Gyromitra infula, Lepista nuda and Phaeolepiota aurea ). Others should be delisted due to a significant number of new findings in recent years (Ptychoverpa bohemica and Tricholomopsis decora ). Two species were misidentified (Macrolepiota procera and Grifola frondosa ) and so should also be excluded from the red list.

Законодательная охрана хищных птиц и усиление борьбы с нелегальной торговлей ими в Казахстане

The dataset of the Red Data Book vascular plants of Transbaikalia was created based on the latest editions of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Buryatia and the Red Data Book of the Zabaikalsky Krai (Russia). The dataset provides the most updated information regarding the distribution of 271 rare vascular plants (2920 distribution records). The distribution of the studied species was recorded during field surveys using GPS navigators, georeferenced from herbarium specimens, and digitised from printed distribution maps. Each entry in the dataset has various attributes, including belt zone, distribution, ecological, and life-form group features. Distribution patterns for various groups of rare and endangered species were analysed by means of QGIS 3.10 software. Our study has revealed a number of localities of vascular plants listed in the Red Data Book and clarified their distribution within the federal Protected Areas of Transbaikalia, among which Tunkinsky National Park has the highest diversity. Distribution of some rare and endangered species fall under federal protection, but some plants, including endemic species, require better protection. Analysis of various belt zones and distribution groups showed their distinct spread within the study region. Among the studied species, mesophytes and short rhizome perennial plants prevailed. It is also important to preserve vascular plants in the Red Data Book outside Protected Areas. Hence, information from our dataset can be useful for conservation monitoring programmes. Our study provides a basis for future conservation activities and can be applied in the establishment of new Protected Areas or Important Plant Areas in Transbaikalia.

The article discusses the monitoring of rare plants listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine that grow in the Ternopil region, in particular in the Kremenets Mountains, the Medobory Reserve, the Holytsia Botanical and Entomological Reserve, as well as in the territories of Opillya and Transnistria. The study used data from V. Besser, H. Kukovytsia, T. Andrienko, B. Zaverukha, S. Zelinka, R. Yavorivsky, M. Barna, and V. Cherniak, scientists who analyzed plant populations in the Ternopil region. The main goal of the work was to establish the habitats of Red Book plants in the Ternopil region, to study the populations of a number of species, and to conduct taxonomic, systematic, chorological, and biomorphological analysis in order to develop ways to protect these plants. The research was conducted from 2018 to 2023 in the Ternopil region, using herbarium specimens from the collections of the M.T. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (KW), the M.M. Hryshko National Library of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (KWHA), the Lviv Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (LWS), the Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University, and museums in Kremenets and Ternopil. The research found that 34 species of plants grow in the Kremenets Mountains, 28 species in the Medobory Reserve, 37 species in the Holytsia Botanical and Entomological Reserve and its surroundings, and other plants are found partially in the Ternopil Plateau, Opillya, and Transnistria. In particular, 12 endemic, 22 relict, 7 relict-endemic, and 30 rare species have been identified. In addition, the region is home to 7 species of plants included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which are globally endangered. The categorical analysis of Red Data Book species shows that 20 species are classified as endangered, 49 as vulnerable, 30 as rare, and 1 species as uncertain. In nature conservation, it is important to study the anthropogenic impact on certain species of species, as well as the creation of new reserves and protected tracts to preserve their natural environment.