Abstract

This paper, for the description of the aspects of the Japanese passive sentences, will first provide statistics on the distribution of the usage of the predicate verb of RARU form and the types of verbs used in the passive style, focusing on data from the 8th to 10th centuries. The Japanese passive sentences indicate an Inanimate-Subject or an Animate-Subject influenced by something or someone resulting in an action or an effect, regardless of the subject's will. In the case of the passive Inanimate-Subjects, although the concrete noun comes to the subject in the same way, many subjects in verses are natural things while they are artifacts like boats and shrines in proses. In relation to the meaning of “meiwaku (inflection)” of Inanimate-Subject passive, in the ancient Japanese language, it means “lucky (Megumi)”, “neutral”, and “meiwaku”. This confirms that the meaning of “damage” is not caused by structural characteristic such as Intransitive passive.

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