Истоки и эволюция эпизоотологии

Abstract

The tutorial is considering the initial prerequisites for the formation and development of modern epidemiological thinking which became successful research in the mid XX century. In 1930 the independence of epidemiology and epizootology in the structure of professional medical and veterinary education, science and practice is finally grounded and realized. Initially in the USSR, these disciplines were formed as a traditionally infectious branching off from classical hygiene, bacteriology and immunology as the study of the epidemic/epizootic process based on the mechanism of transmission of infection. The epizootology actually developed today in home veterinary medicine is a scientific discipline and professional field designed to study the causes, conditions, patterns of occurrence, spread, extinction of animal diseases, develop on this basis organizational principles and methods for the prevention and control of them and implement them. In the most rational and modern formulation, the subject of its study is morbidity as an peculiar phenomenon of animal pathology and the epizootic process as a mechanism for its formation. Not a disease, a illness of separate individuals (animals) as a category of an individual, organism, clinical level, but a mass character of its manifestation an emerging morbidity transfer the pathology to a higher, population based statistical level. Abroad epidemiology and epizootology are represented by a peculiar variant, the basic concept of which is a narrower and more pragmatic field of knowledge based on statistical analytics - the distribution and causes of the health status of specific groups of the population for the purpose of managing health problems. Current trends are based on the need the convergence of home and western science and the preservation of mutual achievements with the vector of development from the infectious era to the post-infective era with a focus on the mass character of socially significant phenomena of human and animal pathology.
 Key words: epizootology, history of origins, formation, development prospects.