Abstract
Through the study of the basic characteristics of cow manure and the characteristics of carbonization residue, carbonization degree, conversion rate, kinetic reactions, and activation energy for cow manure were examined. Since the heating value of cow manure was very low, it was converted to carbonization residue as a fuel with heating value of 4,300 kcal/kg by carbonization processes. Conversion rate was increased rapidly up to 10 minutes of the initial reaction stage and was increased with increasing temperature. The carbonization of cow manure could be described by the 1st order reaction. Frequency factor(A) of reaction rate for cow manure was evaluated to be 1.34 × 10 �2 min �1 , the activation energy was estimated to be 5,196.4 cal/mol. As carbonization temperature increased from 250 o C to 400 o C, the kinetic reaction was increased from 0.2107 min �1 to 0.0679 min �1 . From the result of the carbonization for cow manure, it can be determined that the optimal conditions of the carbonization process were 20 minutes in carbonization time and 350 o C for carbonization temperature.
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