노년의 지능과 창의력의 변화

Abstract

This study explored the developmental changes of intelligence and creativity in ageing process of the late adulthood. The intelligence declined generally in ageing once subjects passed the age of around sixty or more, but the pattern of its changes was differential. Fluid intelligence could be surely affected by ageing and the basic reflex skills such as the response time and response accuracy deteriorated steadily. But crystallized intelligence, which had been based on the pre-learned knowledge, could be relatively fixed and so unaffected by the ageing process and, further, it could compensate for some of the effects of fluid intelligence loss. These group data on intellectual skills decline might not be uniformly true of all ageing people and inter-individual variability increased significantly with age. There were two theoretical models explaining the aging-related changes of creative thought. The peak and decline model insisted that there should be creativity peak at the age of around 30 - 40 and thereafter creativity declined. But the life-span developmental model of creativity proposed that creativity would reveal no decline, though the creative activities could be decreased. With development of an old age style of dialectical mode, the creativity of the aged people were seemed to evolve to be more incremental than revolutionary and to be more experimental than conceptual. Finally the study noted several implications of the ageing studies employing subjects of the young-olds.