Abstract
The article examines the theoretical aspects of industrial espionage in the terminological context. It substantiates the importance of protecting trade secrets from industrial espionage against the background of an increase in their share in the structure of the intellectual property portfolio and strengthening their contribution to the competitiveness of innovative companies in the global economic space. The paper also examines the essence of industrial espionage through the prism of comparison with other categories, namely, economic espionage, corporate espionage, and competitive intelligence. It explores different approaches to the interpretation of these categories. The analysis reveals the existence of variants of their identification, synonymous use, and a certain intersection of essential features. Based on the results of the comparison of industrial espionage, economic espionage, corporate espionage, and competitive intelligence, it is established that these categories are independent and non-identical, with certain common features, which is a manifestation of the dialectical combination of the general and the particular for various forms of gaining access to commercially valuable information. The publication highlights important features of industrial espionage that reveal its essential characteristics, including: systematic, planned nature of implementation; typically, a high level of organisation and preparation; targeted focus on gaining competitive advantage/ income; unauthorised access to information that constitutes a trade secret; violation of legal and ethical standards by individuals and legal entities for private purposes; hidden nature; a wide range of types and tools; no sectoral restrictions on the scope of the activity; a significant range and duration of negative consequences; difficulty in assessing actual losses, etc. The identification of the main features of industrial espionage is the basis for its understanding as a distinct category, which will help to strengthen the theoretical and methodological basis for innovative companies to make effective management decisions on building an effective system of protection against industrial espionage.
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