晚清“崇實”思潮與現代印刷文化的興起——以張元濟爲中心的論述

Abstract

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
 本文以張元濟爲中心，討論晚清“崇實”思潮與現代印刷文化興起之間的關係。論文首先“呈現”了清末民初的知識和思想狀況，解讀了“崇實”思潮何以在晚清發生，這一思潮使當時的知識群體對建設一種新的文化有怎樣的想像等問題，探討了具有“現代”意義的印刷文化何以在晚清民初興起的原因。論文指出，以張元濟爲代表的“精英”知識群體，把印刷媒介作爲“智民救國”的一種武器、一種方式，分析了文學“與群治的關係”何以在那樣的時刻通過印刷出版發生之原因。在這樣的分析背後，論文認爲，印刷技術變革帶來的運作方式的變化使印刷媒介内在地成爲社會變革運動中的一個重要組成部分，而不僅僅是一種手段，“現代”印刷文化的興起不僅僅是一種知識傳播方式的變革，更是一種“在地”的“做”和“運動”。
 Taking Zhang Yuanji (1867-1959) as an example, this paper discusses the relation between the wave of “pragmatism” and the rise of the modern printing culture in late Qing and early Republican China. From a macro perspective on history of thought and cultural background, this essay specially “represents” the intellects’ situation of late Qing, explains how the wave of “pragmatism” and the modern printing culture took shape during that periods. After analyzing the reasons why literature became related to the mass culture and social control through the development of printing technology, the essay points out that a group of “elitists” represented by Zhang Yuanji made the new printing culture a medium and weapon to enlighten the mass and save the nation.
 The essay points out, the notion of “modernity” penetrated into the organization of cultural production, institutional management, capital operation and management due to the wide application of printing technology in the process of cultural production. In the forming process of new social pattern, the modern printing technology became a significant part of social power by acting more than an instrument. This means, the rise of the modern printing culture is not only a reform on the means of knowledge spreading, but also a “doing” culture and movement in late Qing and early Republican China.