Abstract
Growth represents a sentinel for general health state in children and adolescent. Linear growth in children and adolescent is a complex process influenced by numerous factors including genetic, prenatal, postnatal, and environmental factors. When children less than 2 standard deviation score below the average height for age and sex, they are considered as short stature. Accurate measurement of body profile and determination of height velocity over time are fundamental step. Whether the growth pattern is appropriate or deviated from standardized growth chart is a key point in approaching to short stature in children. Evaluation includes a detailed past medical and family history, physical examination, laboratory test and radiologic evaluation. Recent advances in genetic approaches are allowing for improved diagnosis for idiopathic short stature and various genetic syndromes. Growth hormone is the main treatment option for short stature. It is generally safe but has potential side effects. Individualized growth hormone treatment should be initiated under consideration of both efficacy and safety by pediatric endocrinologists. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment result in a good prognosis. This article reviews an overview of the diagnostic approach to children and adolescents with short stature, and summarizes etiologies and growth hormone treatment.
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