地震災害を考える 予測と対策 地方自治体における防災対策と都市計画 防災型土地利用規制に向けて

Abstract

Land use control, as long-term hazard mitigation strategy, is one of the most effective measures to decrease the vulnerability of the urban society in view of the tight linkage between the administrative system of disaster prevention and of urban planning.We carried out a questionnaire survey of 694 local urban authorities, all SHI and Tokubetsu-KU in Japan, to assess the linkage between planning sections and disaster management sections from the view point of utilization and disclosure of information on hazards, residential participation in the process of planning, and the implementation of land use control measures and the difficulties of their introduction.As a result of the survey, information on hazards collected or estimated by the disaster prevention sections of local governments is neither widely disclosed to the public nor considered by urban planning sections during the process of zoning regulation and development control.We investigated three pioneering cases of land use control/planning for the mitigation of active fault hazards. Despite of the lack of earthquake fault zoning act in Japan, the cities of Matsumoto, Yokosuka, and Nishinomiya have resourcefully adopted unique measures, urban rehabilitation and community development procedures based upon a community hazard map, legal district plan with building setback and open spaces along fault lines, and administrative guidance for active fault detection before development, respectively.