Abstract
本文以傳説中的驅鬼神祗鍾馗為基礎，解讀華盛頓史密森學會弗利爾美術館收藏的龔開《中山出遊圖》為一件隱性的自傳性作品，結合繪畫與題跋，抒發他在易代之際不能為國除凶的感觸。作爲元初的宋遺民，龔開要驅除的鬼魅是仗勢欺壓漢人的異族，并不限於主政的蒙古人。他在繪畫和題跋中自我指涉，賦予鍾馗嶄新的形象和生平，呼應自己在宋末元初的特殊經歷。畫中影射的兩件時事透露他對穆斯林和藏僧的反感：1276年冬穆斯林蒲壽庚在泉州給復興宋室大業致命的一擊，1285年藏傳佛教領袖楊璉真加在紹興發掘南宋帝后陵寢。畫中的鍾馗一反傳統神勇形象，神態戒慎收斂，反映龔開委屈認命於異族統治下嚴酷的新現實。
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