Abstract
The article analyzes the results of meta-analyses of epidemiological studies on the occurrence of schizophrenia (incidence and prevalence), which revealed a dependence of the occurrence of schizophrenia on gender, season of birth, degree of urbanization, migration, climate severity, geographic latitude of the population sites and some other factors. The established various indicators of the occurrence of schizophrenia in some countries and regions are given, taking into account their geographical latitude; information about some peculiar features of the incidence of schizophrenia (increased incidence in second generation migrants compared to first-generation migrants, an increased risk of schizophrenia for those born in winter in the absence of any mental illness in family history and for those born in spring in the presence of schizophrenia in family history). The conflicting results from studies are also discussed, the possible explanations include different sample sizes, the use of heterogeneous occurrence rates (prevalence and incidence, age adjustment), a variety of diagnostic approaches, and the predominance of the use of medical records rather than personal examination by specialists.
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