오사운동 시기 孫文集團의 민권정치론

Abstract

The May Fourth Movement is a revolutionary epoch-making event in modern Chinese history. Even 100 years later today many scholars have continued to research and reappraise. It was an intellectual revolution that advocated national independence and individual liberation, a significant turning point in modern history, a decisive moment for socialism to take root in China, and became an ideal model for enlightenment movement or political participation. In particular, democracy was a core value that penentrating the May Fourth along with science, and therefore considerable study has been conducted on the relationship between the May Fourth Movement and democratic thought. However, the overall research trends was to emphasize radicalization and disconnection. They argue that democratic discussion and practice during the May Fourth were fundamentally radical or at least moved toward radicalization. Accordingly, this paper examines democratic theory of Sun Yat-sen’s Nationalist group to find their political ideals, as well as review the mainstream of May Fourth understanding.BR First of all, in the case of Sun Yat-sen, the leader of Kuomintang, he led Constitutional Protection Movement, emphasizing the restoration of National Assembly, and the establishment of parliamentary democracy. Even during the May Fourth, when mass political movement broke out, Sun repeatedly suggested complete restoration of National Assembly as an only solution to deal with political turmoil. Kuomintang theorists such as Liao Zhongkai, Zhu Zhixin, Dai Jitao, who developed Sun’s democratic theory also defended parliamentary democracy, while demanded direct civil rights like Initiative, Referendum, Recall. In other words, they aimed for moderate political reform to maintain representative democracy with introducing some elements of direct democracy. On the other hand, Nationalist group took a relatively negative attitude towards radical revolution such as Russian October Revolution. This was clearly different from the so-called people