ПРАЦЕЗДАТНІСТЬ ДНИЩОВИХ ПЕРЕКРИТТІВ СУДЕН

Abstract

The calculation of any ship's floor can be performed in two ways: within the elastic deformations or by assuming the plasticity of the structure. In the first case, the dangerous condition is the moment of occurrence of dangerous stress at one point of the structure, and in the second - the occurrence of plastic hinges in the support cross-sections. It is known that the assessment of the state of the structure by stress at one point does not give a complete picture of the strength reserves of the structure as a whole, the second approach gives a more objective picture of the possibilities of the structure and will allow in the future to assess factors such as etc. Methods of elastic calculation are well-developed today, there are programs based on the finite element method (FEM). The second approach to the problem is still insufficiently mastered. The paper shows that the features of the topology of the structure, calculated in different ways, differently assess its load-bearing capacity. The approximately uniform design of the elastic region, designed according to the rules of the register or the calculation method, is uneven in the limit state, and this is reflected in the assessment of the condition of the worn vessel. Pre-studies have shown that factors such as the length of the vessel, the length of the hold, the total bending stress have different effects on the load-bearing capacity of the structure. In modern normative documents, the main attention is paid to the study of conditional stresses from operating loads, and limit stresses are normalized only for a limited list of structures. This list should be expanded. Of course, this will require further research into the assignment of allowable stresses. Keywords: violation of the shape and integrity of the structure, cracks of tired or fragile nature, plastic hinges (sliding or rotary hinges), ultimate load, uniform construction of the elastic region, uneven structure in the ultimate state, bottom overlaps of dry cargo vessel.