고구려 도시 연구 試論

Abstract

This article aims to define the concept of ancient city and confirm the actuality of the city of Goguryeo. Korean history study has used the term ‘도시(city)’ mixed with ‘도성(capital)’. Capital, however, is defined based on the ruling power, which is the appearance of the king and the landscape such as Jongmyo and the royal palace which symbolize the appearance. A city is defined by two conditions: concentration of population over a certain number of people and non-self-sufficiency/external dependence. Analysis of historical records and material data revealed that in the case of Goguryeo, an ancient state/capital was already established in the second century, but the non-self-sufficient city was formed around the middle of the third century. This means that the establishment of an ancient state/capital and the formation of a city are separate events. This article also captures the social division of labor, the separation of urban and rural areas based on it, and the market economy and non-self-sufficiency of urban with rural areas as production sites by analyzing historical records. It also confirmed the fact that the residents of the city had sense of superiority and treated the rural areas with disdain.