Abstract
At the beginning of this decade, bleaching without the use of chlorine chemicals was the dominant trend in Scandinavia. Medium consistency ozone bleaching is today proven technology and ozone can be used both in ECF and TCF bleaching. Hexenuronic acid groups generated during sulphate cook consume bleaching chemicals. The Ahlstage treatment can effectively remove hexenuronic acid groups by hydrolysis and this new treatment is also useful for both ECF and TCF bleaching.
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