난민정책과 공여국 내 난민 ODA 연구

Abstract

Purpose: What is in-donor refugee costs in ODA, and through what standards and procedures is it used for refugees in donor countries? What are the theoretical and policy implications and issues of in-donor refugee costs in ODA? This article aims to establish the concept and types of “in-donor refugee costs in ODA,” and to find policy implications for South Korea. Originality: As the refugee crisis has recently emerged as a global phenomenon, the international community is making efforts to support economic, social, and institutional development beyond humanitarian aid to refugee-receiving countries. Nevertheless, the refugee system within the donor country is still an unfamiliar concept in Korean society and has not received much attention academically. This situation increases necessity for research about Korea’s in-donor refugee costs in ODA. Methodology: This article attempts a comparative analysis of cases of two countries that have utilized in-donor refugee costs in ODA, and tries to draw implications for Korea’s in-donor refugee costs in ODA policy. Using various governmental reports and data released by international organizations, the authors conduct a comparative case analysis of Canada’s and Italy’s policies of in-donor refugee costs. Result: The result shows that there are common characteristics in the purpose, priority, and budget proportion in Canada’s and Italy’s policies of in-donor refugee costs in ODA. However, it can be claimed that South Korea’s proportion of in-donor refugee costs in ODA out of its total bilateral ODA was quite low; it’s policy has been implemented in a relatively passive manner. Conclusion and Implication: South Korea needs to increase the share of in-donor refugee costs in ODA through budgetary increase, and needs to carry out its policy in a more active manner by providing sufficient budget and establishing favorable environment for offering a basis for social integration.