카드뮴 노출에 따른 북방전복, Haliotis discus hannai (Ino, 1953) 의 hemolymph 및 hepatopancreas의 효소활성의 변화

Abstract

본 연구는 카드뮴 노출에 따른 북방전복, Haliotis discus hannai의 hemolymph 및 hepatopancreas의 효소활성에 대한 변화를 관찰하였다. 북방전복은 카드뮴 0, 5, 10, 20 및 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX>의 농도에서 4 주간 노출시킨 결과, hemolymph의 phenoloxidase (PO) 활성은 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> 농도에서 4주 후에 유의하게 감소하였으나, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 및 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 활성은 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> 농도에서 4주 후에 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 또한 hemolymph의 칼슘(Ca) 농도는 20 및 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX>의 농도에서 4주 후에 유의한 감소를 나타냈다. 한편 hepatopancreas의 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 활성은 20 및 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> 농도에서, catalase (CAT) 활성은 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> 농도에서 2주 후에 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 따라서 카드뮴에 노출된 북방전복 hemolymph와 hepatopancreas의 효소활성은 적어도 카드뮴 농도 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX>에서 변동이 있을 것으로 예상되며, 이들 효소활성은 연안의 중금속 오염 모니터링의 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on biochemical factors in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The abalone were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> Cd for 4 weeks. The phenoloxidase (PO) activity was decreased in hemolymph of abalone exposed to 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> for 4 weeks compared to the control (P < 0.05). The hemolymph enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were markedly elevated in 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> after 4 weeks. The hemolymph calcium concentrations were significantly decreased in 20 and 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> for 4 weeks. Hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased by Cd. SOD was increased in both 20 and 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> and CAT, in 40 Cd <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> after 2 weeks (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the abalone SOD and CAT including PO may serve as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress by Cd. We conclude that a Cd concentration, 40 <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX> in water may curtail hemolymph homeostasis and anti-oxidative reactions in abalone hepatopancreas. From these results, these biochemical factors may represent a convenient method of monitoring heavy metal pollution in coastal areas.