Abstract
This paper discusses the results of the analysis of the different crossability of 4 species of synthetic cotton amphidiploids, with cultivated varieties of G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L., taking into account their cytological features and the creation of genetically enriched new polygenomic interspecific hybrids. The interrelation of cross-breeding in varying degrees with the fluctuation of chromosome numbers in somatic plant cells of parental forms and cotton hybrids, as well as the defects observed at the stages of microsporogenesis of maternal cells, is shown. The main reasons for the contrast difference between the degree of cross-breeding of synthetic cotton amphidiploids, with cultivated cotton varieties when producing an interspecific hybrid, as well as differences in the maturation of full seeds are established.
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