СТЕММАТИЧНО-ЕМБЛЕМАТИЧНІ КОНСЕПТИ ПОЕМИ «ECHO GŁOSU»СТЕФАНА ЯВОРСЬКОГО

Abstract

The article examines S. Yavorskyi’s work “Echo of a Voice…” in a stemmatic and emblematic context, in particular the illustrative material from seven engravings by I. Shchyrskyi, which carries a conceptual load. The panegyric, dedicated to the day of the patron saint Ivan Mazepa, contains poetic texts in which the praises of the coat of arms of the Mazepa family are praised. Yavorskyi’s wide use of intertextual references to biblical and ancient images and plots, pathetic concepts for the designation of virtues primarily related to statesmanship and military success, in a hyperbolic manner consistent with baroque traditions, was noted. The central conceptual figure of the poem “Na klucz herbowy alias Jasieńczyk” (“Na klucz herbowy alias Jasieńczyk”) is the kleinode “key”, which appears in the meaning of the key “from all gates”: to people’s hearts, exclusively to royal and tsarist offices, and even to heaven. In the third poem “On three rivers, or Korczak” (“Na trzy rzeki alias Korczak”), the symbol “three years” is interpreted as knightly courage in the fight against the enemy and three theological virtues inherited by the family: Faith, Hope, Love, which flow to of the “bottomless sea” of God’s favors. In one of the poems, Yavorsky leads the reader to the conclusion that Ivan Mazepa won the Hetman’s honors thanks to his virtues, and not by inheriting them. In addition, in justifying the heroism of Mazepa’s ancestors, the poet demonstrates his extensive knowledge of the history of the Mazepa family, using historical data from ancient chronicles. Coat of arms, described in the poems “On the heraldic moon with stars and an arrow, or Sas” (“Na herbowy z gwiazdami i z strzalą księżyc vulgo Sas”) and “On the coat of arms of half an arrow, or Odrowąż” (“Na herb Półstrzały vulgo Odrowąż”), indicated the celebrity and courage of the family, while Yavorskyi’s interpretation was based on the topos of ancient mythology and Sarmatism symbolism. On the “boat with sirens” engraving, Mazepa travels for the golden fleece under the patronage of Ivan the Baptist, which was supposed to symbolize the hetman’s political path. S. Yavorskyi often compares Mazepa with Apollo in the context of astrological symbolism, with the god of war Mars in the spirit of Sarmatian symbolism, with Icarus as a warning, and declared the sky to be Mazepa’s home, and Mazepa’s power to be chosen by God.