Легочный фиброз, ассоциированный с COVID-19

Abstract

An analysis of scientific publications based on the study results conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates a possible risk of pulmonary fibrosis or progression of existing interstitial lung disease with the pulmonary fibrosis development in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A fibrous histological pattern was detected in about 22% of COVID-19 cases, starting from the third week of the disease. The molecular basis of the pulmonary fibrosis progression after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains unclear, but it is considered multifactorial, including direct viral effects, immune dysregulation, cytokine storm and increased oxidative stress. The question needs to be answered why a certain part of patients undergo a transition to uncontrolled cell proliferation with the accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, excessive deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix, which leads to progressive pulmonary fibrosis, a more severe disease course and increases the risk of severe complications and mortality. There is no regulated therapeutic approach to the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis associated with a new coronavirus infection. Along with the approved antifibrotics for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nintedanib and pirfenidone, new means of preventing the fibrosis process are being investigated. An important research area is a search for biomarkers for early identification of patients with a high risk of severe COVID-19, burdened by the development of interstitial fibrotic lung lesions. KEYWORDS: pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pneumonia, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, immune dysregulation, antifibrotics. FOR CITATION: Kuzubova N.A., Titova O.N., Lebedeva E.S., Volchkova E.V. Pulmonary fibrosis associated with COVID-19. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(7):492–496 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-7-492-496.