Abstract
The article presents the results of measuring the genome size (DNA content in nuclei) by flow cytometry and determining the ploidy level for 30 species of the Chenopodiaceae family in 50 natural populations from Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and South Korea. Genome size of 12 species was determined for the first time; they are: Atriplex patens, A. pedunculata, A. sibirica, A. verrucifera, Axyris amaranthoides, Camphorosma songorica, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Chenopodium vachellii, Corispermum declinatum, Oxybasis gubanovii, Salsola collina, Spirobassia hirsuta. Along with flow cytometric analysis, ploidy level of 13 species (Atriplex patens, A. prostrata, Bassia prostrata, Chenopodium album, C. betaceum, C. frutescens, C. karoi, C. luteorubrum, C. novopokrovskianum, C. strictum s. l., C. vachellii, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, and Oxybasis gubanovii) from 23 populations was determined by direct chromosome counting. Genome size of 11 species was studied in two or more populations. It was shown that differences in the genome size of samples in populations from different part of the area did not exceed 5 % in diploids (Atriplex sagittata, A. sibirica) and tetraploids (Atriplex patens, Chenopodium album, C. betaceum, C. novopokrovskianum, C. strictum and Krascheninnikovia ceratoides). Two cytotypes were identified in Bassia prostrata: diploid in the Republic of Altai and tetraploid in Novosibirsk Region. A tetraploid cytotype of Chenopodium sosnovskyi was revealed in Armenia. It was shown that the genome size can be a reliable criterion to determine the ploidy level in related taxa of the Chenopodiaceae.
Highlights
Polyploidy is widespread among angiosperms and is an important factor of speciation (Otto, 2007; Soltis et al, 2009; Jiao et al, 2011)
The article presents the results of measuring the genome size (DNA content in nuclei) by flow cytometry and determining the ploidy level for 30 species of the Chenopodiaceae family in 50 natural populations from Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and South Korea
Genome size of 12 species was determined for the first time; they are: Atriplex patens, A. pedunculata, A. sibirica, A. verrucifera, Axyris amaranthoides, Camphorosma songorica, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Chenopodium vachellii, Corispermum declinatum, Oxybasis gubanovii, Salsola collina, Spirobassia hirsuta
Summary
Polyploidy is widespread among angiosperms and is an important factor of speciation (Otto, 2007; Soltis et al, 2009; Jiao et al, 2011). Interest in karyological research has increased, as interpreting molecular phylogenetic data are almost impossible without taking into account polyploidy in taxa evolution. Chromosome number and ploidy level are important characteristics, which help understanding the relationship between closely related species. To determine ploidy level of plants by direct count in metaphase on squash preparations of root meristem is a labor-intensive method requiring the availability of samples collected in the fruiting stage. It is not always possible to germinate seeds and “catch” the desired metaphase stage in meristems suitable for counting chromosomes and determining the ploidy level. Karyological data are limited mostly by chromosome numbers obtained in few samples of individual species, that does not allow to estimate a true value of polyploidy in the taxa evolution
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