Применение технологий распределенного реестра (Blockchain) в электроэнергетических системах

Abstract

Modern energy grids are rapidly evolving into complex cyber-physical systems. Decentralisation of energy resources, shift away from the current traditional centralised model of power supply, the widespread introduction of new information technologies requires the creation of a safe, efficient and reliable cyber infrastructure that can ensure the proper level of confidentiality and automation of the processes of buying and selling electricity. The growing popularity of Blockchain distributed ledger technology can solve these challenges. The technology provides for distributed computing, a secure environment for interaction between network members and reliable storage of information. Blockchain ensures that each network member isa supplier of energy, rather than only a consumer, and organises a “digital” environment for this. At the same time, energy will be sold directly between the members, with no middleman, using smart meters and adaptive algorithms for reciprocal payment that interact in real time. In 2017, Blockchain was rated by top executives as a key breakthrough digital technology for the next five years. According to the Deloitte 2019 poll, 53 % companies called Blockchain a “strategical priority” technology, a 10 % rise y.o.y. At the same time, projects that have entered the market and received financing over the past two years are more complex and industrially spesific. Among the leading countries are USA, Germany and the UK. Half of the Blockchain projects in the electric power industry are registered in five states: USA (50 projects), Germany (22 projects), Great Britain (15 projects), Australia (13 projects) and Japan (13 projects). At the same time, Russia accounted for only 4 projects.