Підвищення пластичності сплаву системи Al-Si зі зниженим вмістом кремнію шляхом деформаційно-термічної обробки

Abstract

A method of deformation-heat treatment is considered for Al-Si alloy with 4.5 % silicon, which consists in a series of small hot deformations with intermediate annealing. The proposed method allows one to achieve grinding and spheroidization of silicon inclusions, which in the cast state have the form of lamellar excreta at the grain boundaries and significantly reduce the plasticity of the material. Spheroidization, grinding and mixing of inclusions that are achieved during this deformation-heat treatment lead to significantly increase the ductility of the alloy without loss of hardness. The processes of structure change during the deformation of aluminum alloys with low Si content are insufficiently studied. In particular, of interest was the possibility of increasing the ductility of such materials by grinding and mixing silicon inclusions during hot deformation. In this case, to prevent a decrease in ductility due appearance of microconcentrators of stress in the form of acute angles of the crushed silicon inclusions, the deformation was carried out as a series of stages with intermediate annealing. In addition, it was assumed that the cyclic change of temperature in this mode will contribute to the spheroidization of fragments of crushed silicon inclusions by changing the solubility of silicon in solid solution from temperature. It is shown that the proposed mode of deformation-heat treatment of these alloys of the Al-Si system allows to significantly increase their ductility – the critical degree of deposition (deposition before cracking) from 67.8 % in the cast state to – 92.1 %. The hardness of the material can be increased by hardening under cold plastic deformation. In this case, since the material after deformation-heat treatment is more plastic, it has greater reserves for hardening in this way. It is shown that owing to hard plastic deformation, the hardness of the material of samples with 4.5 % Si, which has undergone deformation-heat treatment, can increase to values of 95 ± 17 HV, which is significantly higher than in the cast state. At the same time, the hardness (and, probably, strength) of a similar cast material can also be increased due to hardening, but to lower values – 67 ± 12 HV. Key words: aluminum, aluminum-based alloy, deformation-heat treatment, silicon inclusions, plasticity, hardness.