Abstract
Appearing not long ago, new psychoactive substances (designer drugs), including synthetic cannabinoids, derivatives of cathinone, phenethylamines, new stimulants, synthetic opioids, tryptamine derivatives, phencyclidine, piperazine, the GABA (A/B) receptors agonists, have become a serious problem for consumers and for physicians. Consumers of these substances are attracted primarily by the intensity of psychoactive effects, and the «legal high» declared by the black manufacturers, which indicates that significant difficulties in a laboratory identification of new surfactants. Designer drugs, when ingested, can be influenced on many neurotransmitter pathways/receptors: dopamine, cannabinoid (CB1), GABA (A/B), 5-HT2A, glutamate, and k-opioid receptors (KOR), the imbalance of which leads to the development of polymorphic psychotic disorders.
Highlights
Concurrent with a decrease in consumption of the «classical» drugs controlled worldwide, the market of new surfactants grows annually [1]
Consumers of designer drugs are attracted, first by the psychoactive effects rendered by the latter and because they are hardly identified by laboratory-which creates some legal problems in many countries, including Russia [4]
The magnitude of designer drugs spread represents a serious problem, both for the physicians occupied with diagnostics and treatment of addictive disorders, and for the security agencies staff [4; 8; 9] whose forces are directed to fight against illicit drug trafficking [3; 6; 7]
Summary
Concurrent with a decrease in consumption of the «classical» drugs controlled worldwide, the market of new surfactants grows annually [1]. In the last 3–4 years, there grows a level of psychotic disorders both, acute and chronic, bound to the use of new (designer) drugs [5]. The following direction of the search was the newly synthesized chemical substances being a part of designer drugs that have the ability to cause one or another mental disorder after its consumption. There are cases described when drugs of one consignment caused various effects directly bound to a concentration of synthetic cannabimetics.
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