Міжнародний досвід фінансування інфраструктурних проєктів

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction. The article is devoted to issues of international experience in financing infrastructure projects. At the current pace of development, the load on infrastructure in most countries of the world will increase many times over the next decade, and its timely development will become the main guarantee of sustainable growth of the world economy and trade. The design, construction, and expansion of large infrastructure facilities will take years, and decisions regarding their financing mechanisms must be made quickly, which necessitates additional research into this issue. Purpose. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that the main factors of economic growth will be the increase of humanity (+19% by 2030) to 8.3 billion people, urbanization (the urban population will increase by 40% by 2030; and its share will grow from 52% to 58%), outpacing the growth of population incomes, further development of international trade and tourism. The authors formed the structure of investments in the world for 2020 and found out that the share of state budgets and national funds, according to analysts' estimates, accounts for the main volume of investments in infrastructure - more than 65%. The tendency of the predominance of debt financing in the general structure of liabilities of infrastructure projects has been studied. The results of the OECD study, which was conducted among the largest institutional investors, were analyzed. Results. The research examines modern state proposals for new financing mechanisms, in particular, foreign experience in implementing the prospects of debt and equity financing of international projects, as well as the experience of individual countries - China, India, and Brazil. It has been proven that in the past the investment risks in this area were too high and the profitability was insignificant, which limited the range of investors. Conclusions. Investor interest in infrastructure projects is growing every year, and financing infrastructure projects requires new sources, in particular, an increase in private investment in the industry. It was noted that it is important for Ukraine to take into account and use successful world experience to finance its own infrastructure projects.