ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

Abstract

The European banking system, established in the first postwar years, is the result and at the same time one of the important instruments of European integration and the European Monetary System. The creation of an effective banking system required not only radical changes at the legislative level of the countries that were part of the monetary union, but also the adoption of uniform requirements by all member countries. The article considers and generalizes the issue of paradigmatic standards of transformation of the European banking system. The purpose of creation of the European payment union is substantiated. The analysis of the mechanism of functioning of the European Payments Union is carried out. The reason for the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community is named. The activity and consequences of the formation of the European Economic Community are studied. The main idea of "Werner's plan" is described. The reasons for preventing the activation of the "Werner plan" are named. The consequences of the abolition of the US gold standard are highlighted. The essence of the "snake in the tunnel" is described. The reasons for the creation of the European Monetary System are named. The main elements of the European Monetary System are considered. The pros and cons of the formation of this system are summarized. The grounds for the formation of a monetary and economic union are substantiated. An analysis of the creation and operation of the Maastricht Treaty. The basic principles of the Maastricht Treaty are named. The main tasks of the European Monetary Institute are highlighted. The criteria for the participation of countries in the monetary and economic union are considered. The stages of formation of the European system of central banks are named. The activity of the European Central Bank is described. The shares of national central banks in the capital of the European Central Bank are highlighted. The main economic and political reasons for the adoption of the term "Eurosystem" by the Board of Governors are named. The structure of the Eurosystem is analyzed. The main elements of the banking union are generalized. The pros and cons of "emergency liquidity" measures in the Eurosystem are highlighted. The activity of the trans-European system of automatic transfers of gross settlements in real time – TARGET is characterized. The essence of the concept of "financial stability" is generalized.