Оптимізація системи регулювання відпуску теплоти

Abstract

Heat supply regulation should ensure high energy efficiency of district heating systems (DHS) in general, reducing the specific indicators of heat production and release and maintaining the normalized thermal regime of the premises with any changes in outdoor temperature, insolation, infiltration and heat. Usually the processes of central regulation of DHS at heat sources and heat consumers are considered separately: not only technically but also organizationally. In this regard, the proposal for joint consideration of central and local regulation of heat supply is relevant and useful. The proposed solutions can increase the efficiency of existing DHS at the stage of transition to modern options for their implementation, in which heat control units are located at the entrance to individual apartments, and thus, the degree of regulation of DHS as close as possible to autonomous heating systems. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively consider the impact of individual stages of heat supply on the overall efficiency of DHS. The most common in domestic DHS is a method of high-quality central control of heat supply by changing the temperature of the coolant in the pipelines of thermal networks at the outlet of heat sources. However, this method has a significant disadvantage - it is inefficient regulation during the period of cutting the temperature schedule with a joint load on heating and hot water. Working during this period leads to significant overheating in premises and unproductive heat loss. Unproductive heat losses because of inadequate regulation when lowering the heat release schedule reach up to 18% of the heat potential of the fuel used. The introduction of a combined quantitative and qualitative regulation is proposed, in which, up to the cutoff temperature of the temperature schedule, the heat release is controlled by changing the temperature of the coolant, and after the cutoff, the transition to quantitative central regulation is carried out. Practical recommendations for the implementation of such regulation have been developed. Combined central regulation ensures the possibility of providing hot water supply services throughout the entire heating period, avoids hydraulic and thermal deregulation of systems and ensures optimal conditions for the operation of heat generators, reduced energy consumption and a significant increase in the overall efficiency of the DHS. Key words: heat supply, centralized systems, energy saving, efficiency, heat load regulation